Hydraulic governor.



C. J. COLEMAN. HYDRAULIC GovBnNoR. `APPLICATION IIILED JULY 22, 1908.995,1 7 Patented June 13, 1911.

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G. J. COLEMAN.

HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR. ArPLIoATIoN FILED JULY 2z, 190e.

995,1 17. Patented June 13, 1911.

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c. J. GOLEMAN.

HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR. APPLIOATION FILED JULY 22, 190s.

995,1 17. Patented June 13,1911. A v

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UNITED STA-Tias PATENT oLYnE J. COLEMAN, or NEW YORK, N. Y., AssrGNoR ToCONRAD HUBERT, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

HYDRAULIC GOVERNOR.

`.Application filed July 22, 1908. Serial No. 444,725.

and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Govf ernors, of which the followingis a specifica tion, reference being had therein to the acf companyingdrawings, forming part thereof. My invention relates generally to meansfor regulating the speed of motors and re- 1 lates particularly to ahydraulic pressure device for governing hydraulic motors which areadapted to operate under sub-l stantially constant hydraulic pressureand are required to operate at varying xed speeds when subjected tovarying loads, by regulating the eccentric relation of the rotary pistono-f the motor to the cylinder.

The principal object of my invention is to secure simplicity, delicacyand accuracy of speed regulation of the motor; other objects andadvantages of my invention will appear from the following description.

My invention includes a hydraulic device for regulating the speed ofmotors, such hydraulic speed-regulating device being attached to andoperated by the motor and the pressure exerted by it being proportionedto the speed of the motor; such device being shown as a centrifugal pumpin the illustrated embodiment of my invention.

My invention also includes manually con' trollable means to regulate theeffect of the hydraulic pressure of the governor on the speed of themotor and so vary the fixed speed at which the motor operates.

My invention also includes manually controllable means for reversing theconnections of the governor with the motor only while the motor is inits neutral or inoperative position. i

My invention also includes certain other features and details ofconstruction which will appear from the particular description of theembodiment of my invention shown. Such embodiment will now be shown withreference to the accompanying drawings, after which I shall point out myinvention in claims.

Figure 1 is a top view of .a hydraulic motor together lwith the completehydraulic regulating mechanism, showing the connections between thegovernor and motor and the manually controllable means to regulate andreverse the governor and motor. Fig. 2 Vis a horizontal central sectionof what is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 3of Fig. l looking toward the right, showing the governor connections.Fig. 4; is a sectional view of the governor on the line 2 2 of Fig. 2looking toward the left.

The hydraulic motor shown is of the type which consumes variablequant-ities of liquid per cycle according to the amount of load upont-he motor or the amount of work that it is required to do, and belongsto the particular class of this type in which the liquid consumingcapacity-is altered by changing the eccentricity of a rotary pistonrelatively to its cylinder. This hydraulic motor has a cylindricalcasing comprising the flanged side inclosure or frame 11, havingdownward extensions as shown forming a base or support for the motor,and the end pieces or heads 12 which form also cylinderheads for themotor. The Vside inclosure and the heads are joined together in aliquid-tight manner with interposed gaskets which are drawn together bybolts as shown. A rotary shaft 13 passes centrally through the'heads 12and has its bearings therein made liquidtight by packing glands.Exteriorly to the Y casing one end of the shaft 13 carries a gear wheel14C for operatively connecting the motor to any tool or mechanism to bedriven thereby; and the other end extends into and operates the governorwhich is fastened to the end piece 12 and of which my invention chieflyconsists and which will be fully described hereinafter. Interiorly ofthe casing a rotary piston 15 Vis concentrically fixed npon the shaft 13as by a key as shown and fits closely at its ends 'between the heads 12.The piston ris provided with longitudinal channels or grooves in whichare located rollers or cylindrical wings 16, the wings Vbeing free tomove radially in the groovesV and, when the motor is in operation, beingforced outwardly by centrifugal force. Y

The cylinder for the motor comprises a cylindrical block 17 withrectangular extensions constituting pistons on two opposite sides, asshown, which extend into corresponding recesses in the casing and allowthe cylinder to slide transversely to the axis of the piston, therebyvarying t-he relative degree of eccentricity of the cylinder to thepiston. The cylinder embraces the piston and is of a bore cylindricalbut of a larger diameter than the piston, exclusive of the radiallymovable wings, which in operation are held in contact with the innersurface of the cylinder by centrifugal force.

The cylinder is provided with an inlet port 18 and an outlet or exhaustport 19 located vertically diametrically opposite to each other. Theseports are of sufficient width to always communicate respectively withcorresponding inlet and exhaust openings 20 and 21 in the casing at anyposition of the cylinder. Asthe piston is intended to rotate in eitherdirection, according to the position of the cylinder, the inlet andexhaust ports respectively extend equally in opposite directionscircumferentially of the bore of the cylinder, so as to preservecorresponding relations to the piston in the opposite positions of thecylinder. 'The exhaust port is of suflicient width to prevent trappingof the exhaust liquid by the roll ers or wings of the piston such aswould lock the motor.

The lateral sliding movement of the cylinder is limited in eachdirection by the bottoms of the recesses so that the cylinder and pistoncannot come in contact and thus lock the motor. The bottom of therecesses is hollowed outward so that the cylinder projections cannot fittightly into the bottom of the recesses and thus ready movement of thecylinder is facilitated. The cylinder projections are of a sufficientwidth to always close the recess even when the cylinder is in itsfarthest opposite position, as shown in Fig. 3, and fit so tightly intothe recess that there can be no communication between the recess and themotor.

It is evident that the direction of rotation of the piston will bechanged by shifting the slidable cylinder from one side to the other ofthe piston. If a motive liquid be supplied to the motor at a constantpressure or at a pressure which does not vary so widely as to be beyondthe limits of motor control, then the speed of the motor will den pendupon the extent to which the cylinder isV shifted away from its middleposition. It is obvious that the motor will run at the highest speed orwill produce the greatest torque when the piston eccentricity is thegreatest. By shifting the cylinder so as to produce different degrees ofeceentricity to its piston, the motor may be kept at a constant or xedspeed while doing variable amounts of work, and likewise the motor maybe made to operate at different set or fixed speeds regardless of theamount of work that it is doing, within the capacity of the motor.

The means for shifting the cylinder to different positions consists of aspring rod 22 screwedinto one side of the cylinder, as shown, which isoperated by a sliding lever 23. rPhe spring rod has a iiat head, whichis held between two mutually and equally opposed helical compression orthrust springs 24 preferably under some initial tension, which areretained in place by the spring box 25, which slides through a sleeve inthe frame as shown. In Fig. 1, the lever is positioned so as to pull thecylinder one way to its farthest eccentric position and in F ig. 2 thereverse condition is shown. It is evident that in Fig. 2, though thecylinder 17 is in contact with the shoulder in the recess and can bepushed no farther, still, by pressing the bar in until the index pointsto l or 5, an increased pressure will be exerted on the spring rod andthe outer spring 24k will be compressed and its tension increased, withthe result that a greater resistance is offered to moving the cylindertoward its concentric position than is the case when the lever is in theposition shown in Fig. 2. And the same result for movement in theopposite direction is attained by pulling the bar to the right from theposition shown in Fig. 1 until the index points to e or 5. Consequentlythis provides a manually controllable means to regulate the resistanceto the action of the governor as hereinafter described, and hence ameans for changing the fixed speed at which the motor operates.

To secure a substantially constant motor speed at varying loads, thehydraulic governor, shown at the right of Figs. 1 and 2 within thecasing 26, is provided. The casing 26 is fastened in a liquid-tightmanner to the head 12 by means of bolts and gaskets. The governorconsists of two sets of centrifugal blades or fans, 27 and 2S, arrangedas spokes in a wheel as shown in Fig. 4. These blades are fastened tothe extension of shaft 13 and rotate as the shaft is rotated. Betweenth'e two sets of blades are two disks or partitions 29 and 30, theformer integral with the shaft but not ext-ending to the casing 26, andthe latter integral with the casing but not extending to the shaft. Thuscommunication between the two sets lof blades is provided as shown bythe aras shown in Fig. V2, ports 37 and 39 are closed and 38 and40 areopen; and when the valve is raised as in Fig. 1, ports 38 and ll() areclosed and 37 and 39 opened. Pipe 32 communicates with ports 38 and 39and 31 communicates with ports 37 and 40. That portion of the shaft 13which extends into the governor casing is hollow, as shown, andperforations 41 are provided which communicate between the hollow in theshaft and the blades 27. The governor chamber is partitioned so as toform the proper com1nunications between the pipes and ports and theblade chambers of' 27 and 28. This whole system is filled with liquidand when the shaft revolves and so rotates the blades 27 and 28, Vtheliquid is made to rotate and hydraulic pressure is exerted, which iscommunicated to one side or the other of the motor through pipes 32 or31, according to whether the pistons of the valve 33 are down or up,respectively. This operation will now be more fully described.

In Fig. 2, the cylinder 17 is shown as pushed to its farthesteccentricity toward the side with which pipe 32 communicates. This isdone by pushing the sliding bar 23 inward, as shown. At the same timethat theV spring rod and cylinder are pushed in by the lever, it isevident that the pistonvalve 33 is also pushed down, thus, since ports37 and 39 are closed and 38 and et() open, forming communication frompipe 31 through port L10, ,through the hollow shaft, the perforations11, the blade-chamber 27 to blade-chamber 23, out of portY 38 and thencethrough pipe 32 to the cylinder 17. It itV be assumed that the motor isreceiving liquid at a substantially consta-nt pressure, then so long asthe load upon the motor is constant, the speed will remain constant.Should the load on the motor be diminished, the tendency to increasedspeed will cause the blades 27 and 2S to be rotated faster and henceincreased hydraulic pressure exerted which is communicated by pipe 32,as described, to the cylinder 17, pressing it toward the center, andthus, since it is less eccentric, the liquid consuming capacity islessened and the speed diminished until it becomes steady at the normalrate. When the cylinder was pressed toward the center by the governor,it compressed the outer spring 241, and hence, as soon as the speed. isreduced and the pressure exerted through 32 diminished, the spring willreturn the cylinder to its former position. Thus a fixed speed ismaintained. It now the bar is pushed in to its farthestextent, asalready described, the tension of the springs will be increased and morepressure must be exert` ed by the governor to move the cylinder towardits concentric position and hence the fixed speed of the motor isincreased.

Then the motor is reversed, as shown in Fig. 1, the reverse conditionobtains in the governor, since, when the sliding bar is pulled out toreverse the motor, the pistonvalve is also pulled out until ports 37 and39 are open and pistons 35 and 36 close ports 38 and 10. Communicationmay then be traced as follows: from pipe 32, through port 39, throughthe hollow shaft, perforations 411, bladeschamber 27 to 23, and thencethrough port 37 to pipe 31, and so to the side of the motor to which thecylinder 17 is moved. The operation of the governor is just the same as'previously described; and the tension of the springs may be increasedby pulling the lever out until the index reaches L1 or 5, and thus thefixed speed of the motor in its forward movement be increased.

Tt is now apparent that the motor is adapted and is automaticallycontrolled so as to maintain a substantially fixed speed While operatingunder varying loads. It is also obvious that variations in the pressureof the motive liquid within certain restricted limits will not vary thespeed of the Vmotor by reason of the operation of the hydraulicgovernor.

It is evident in Fig. 2 that the reversal of the piston-valve, that is,its passing up or down the slanting portion between the positions shownin Figs. 1 and 2, takes place while the cylinder is in its neutral orinoperative position, that is, while the spring-rod is on the horizontalportion between the positions shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the constructionshown and above particularly described within the principle and scope ofthe invention.

I claim:

1. In combination with a. hydraulic motor comprising a rotary piston anda slidable cylinder embracing the piston, means actuated by the motorfor creating hydraulic pressure, and means adapted to deliver thehydraulic pressure thus created. to one side of the cylinder when themotor is running in one direction and to the other side of the cylinderwhen the motor is reversed.

2. In combination with a hydraulic motor comprising a rotary piston anda slidable cylinder' embracing the piston and with means for reversingthe motor, means actuated by the motor for creating hydraulic pressure,two pressure pipes connecting the hydraulic pressure-creating means withthe motor, one pipe leading to each side of the slidable cylinder, andmeans combined with the reversing means and actuated in conjunctiontherewith to open one of the pressure pipes and close the other.

In combination with a reversible rotary moto-r and means for reversingthe motor, a hydraulic governor for regulating the speed of the motor,comprising a plurality of rotatable fans for giving centrifugal force toa liquid, the fans being rotated by the motor and reversed therewith,two pressure-conducting pipes leading from the governor to the motor,one arranged to communicate with the motor when the motor is running inone direction and the other to communicate with the motor when the motoris running in the opposite direction, and means combined with thereversing means and arranged to open one pipe and close the other as themotor is reversed.

4. In combination with a hydraulic motor comprising a rotary piston anda slidable cylinder embracing the piste-n and Vwith means for reversingthe motor, a hydraulic governor for regulating the relative eccentricityof the piston and cylinder, comprising a plurality of rotatable fans forgiving centrifugal force to a liquid, the fans being rotated by themotor and reversed therewith, two pressure-conducting pipes leading fromthe governor to the motor, one pipe leading to one side of the slidablecylinder and the other pipe leading to the other side of the slidablecylinder, and means combined with the reversing means and arranged toopen one pipe and close the other as the motor is reversed.

5. In combination with a hydraulic motor comprising a rotary piston anda cylinder embracing the piston, a' governor for regulating theeccentricity of the cylinder and motor, comprising a plurality ofrotatable fans for giving centrifugal force to a liquid, means fortransmitting such force as desired, and resilient means tending tooppose the force exerted by the governor liquid and to maintain thespeed of the motor.

6. In combination with a hydraulic motor comprising a rotary piston anda cylinder embracing the piston, a hydraulic governor for regulating theeccentricity of the cylinder and motor, comprising a plurality ofrotatable fans for giving centrifugal force to a liquid, a plurality ofpressure pipes leading therefrom to opposite sides of the cylinder ofthe motor, and manually operable means to open or close the pressurepipes as desired.

7. In combination with a hydraulic motor comprising a rotary piston anda cylinder embracing thejpiston, a hydraulic governor for regulating theeccentricity of the cylinder and motor, comprising a plurality ofrotatable fans for giving centrifugal force to a liquid, two pressurepipes leading therefrom to conduct the force to opposite sides of thecylinder of the motor manuallyoperable means to open one of the pressurepipes and close the other as the motor is reversed, and resilient meanstending to oppose the force thus exerted and to maintain the speed ofthe motor.

8. In combination with a hydraulic motor having a rotary piston and anadjustable cylinder embracing the piston, ahydraulic governor comprisinga plurality of rotatable fans for giving centrifugal force to a liquid,the fans being rotated in the liquid by the motor, the force createdtherebybeing proportionate to the speed with which the fans are rotated,controlling passages opening respectively into the casing at each sideof the cylinder laterally, pipes to conduct the force thus createdthrough such controlling passages to act upon the cylinder of the motorand vary the degree of cylinder eccentricity relative to the piston, andmanually operable means for directing the governing force through eitherthe one pipe or the other at will.

9. In combination with a hydraulic motor having a rotary piston and anadjustable cylinder embracing the piston, a hydraulic governorcomprising a plurality of rotatable fans for giving centrifugal force toa liquid, the fans being rotated in the liquid by the motor, controllingpassages opening respectively into the casing at each side of thecylinder laterally, pipes to conduct the force thus created through suchcontrolling passages to act upon the cylinder of the motor and vary thedegree of cylinder eccentricity relative to the piston, manuallyoperablemeans for directing the governing force through either the one pipe orthe other at will, and resilient means tending to oppose the force thusexerted on the cylinder and restore it to its former position.

10. In combination with a hydraulic motor having a rotary piston and anadjustable cylinder embracing the piston, a hydraulic governorcomprising a plurality of rotatable fans for giving centrifugal force toa liquid, the fans being rotated in the liquid by the motor, controllingpassages opening respectively into the casing at each side of thecylinder laterally, pipes to conduct the force thus created through suchcontrolling passages to act upon the cylinder of the motor and vary thedegree of cylinder eccentricity relative to the piston,manually-operable means for directing the governing force through eitherthe one pipe or the other at will, resilient means tending to oppose theforce thus exerted on the cylinder and restore it to its formerposition, and manually-controllable means to increase the force of theresilient means and thus increase the fixed speed at which the motoroperates.

11. In combination with a hydraulic motor having a rotary piston and anadjustable cylinder embracing the piston, a hydraulic governorcomprising a plurality of rotatable fans for giving centrifugal force toa liquid, the fans being rotated in the liquid by the motor, controllingpassages opening respectively into the casing at each side of thecylinder laterally, pipes to conduct the force thus created through suchcontrolling passages to act upon the cylinder of the motor and vary thedegree of cylinder eocentrioity relative to the piston, ports openingfromV the governor to the pipes, a three-piston valve manually operableto open and close suoli ports as desired, resilient means tending tooppose the force thus exerted on the Cylinder and restore it to itsformer position, and manually-controllable means to increase the forceof the resilient 10 ineans and thus increase the fixed speed at whichthe motor operates.

In testimony whereof I have affixed 1ny signature in presence of twoWitnesses.

CLYDE J. COLEMAN. Witnesses:

VICTOR D. BonsT, BERNARD COWEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

